The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has unveiled a landmark framework that will commit the global shipping sector to net-zero emissions by 2050, marking one of the most significant climate actions in maritime history. The framework, targeting vessels over 5,000 gross tonnage—which account for roughly 85% of the industry’s CO₂ emissions—is set for formal adoption in October 2025 and full enforcement by 2027.
The plan amends MARPOL Annex VI, the international treaty regulating air pollution from ships, already binding on 97% of global merchant tonnage. The updated framework introduces a dual compliance strategy:
- A global fuel standard that will progressively reduce the greenhouse gas intensity of marine fuels.
- A carbon pricing mechanism requiring high-emitting ships to offset emissions through purchased units, while incentivizing near-zero and zero-emission vessels with financial rewards.
To support equitable transition, a newly established IMO Net-Zero Fund will direct revenues from carbon pricing toward research, innovation, and green infrastructure in developing countries. Special attention will be given to Small Island Developing States (SIDS) and Least Developed Countries (LDCs) to ease the financial burden and support local maritime transformation.
“The approval of draft amendments to MARPOL Annex VI mandating the IMO net-zero framework represents another significant step in our collective efforts to combat climate change,” said IMO Secretary-General Arsenio Dominguez.
Despite resistance from a small group of countries, including the U.S., the framework passed by vote following intense negotiations in London. Once adopted, the regulations will give the global shipping industry a clear pathway—and a limited timeline—to decarbonize and innovate for a climate-resilient future.
